Showing posts with label Questions. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Questions. Show all posts

Brian Welch of Korn Accepted Jesus

How are we supposed to understand testimonies, like Brian Welch's, formerly a member of the alternative metal band Korn very popular in the 90's? Welch is open about his previous addiction to methamphetamines, apparently using it for 700 days straight before accepting Jesus.


As frum Jews, what are we to make of such a testimony? One thing is for sure, you won't ever find me knocking somebody's decision to improve his life, especially when it comes to quitting drugs and straightening out. I am a serious proponent of peoples' dignity and self-respect and find it very encouraging when people break bad habits and become better people.

What is strange to me is that while Jesus may be the reason Welch found himself free of the desire to take drugs, it may also be that when a person commits to a position of self improvement, deliberately detaching himself from harmful influences, what often follows is a lack of a desire for the things that previously ensnared him. And all of this happens without Jesus.

For example, when I started becoming observant 21 years ago, I too found myself in a renewed positive frame of mind where I desired good things and was repulsed by bad ones. While it's true that I was not addicted to hard drugs, my decision to turn my life in the more positive direction of observance changed me from the inside-out. I can assure you that accepting Jesus had nothing to do with that very pivotal set of transformations.

Committing to a track of self improvement while eschewing harmful influences turns out to be very relevant. According to the Rambam, teshuva is encapsulated by the following four steps:
  1. Regret
  2. Cessation
  3. Confession
  4. Future resolution
When the Beis HaMikdash stood, the fifth step required bringing a sacrifice.

Notice that the "rock bottom" effect that many former addicts experience lines up with regret and cessation (stages 1 and 2), and that committing to a track of self improvement lines up with future resolution (stage 4). This means that a person can experience a sense of renewal and liberation from his sin without Jesus stepping in to help him. The above process was designed to break a person away from his sin, and if he engages in it, he shouldn't be surprised that it works.

Having said that, and I've seen this happen with people who've come Christians for this reason, accepting Jesus is an important step in helping them to knock a very bad habit. It helps get them out of the proverbial mud or destruction into which they've fallen. However, while it does wonders in the short run, in the long run it requires them to accept that their nature as human beings is wretched and underserving of redemption. They sign on the dotted line to become free from whatever mental or spiritual ailment they're suffering from, while committing to a theological position that describes them as being fundamentally corrupt and disgusting in the eyes of God. The medicine seems just as bad as the disease.

And so it doesn't actually pave the path to genuine rectification - it simply enforces the destructive self image that subconsciously drove them to sin in the first place. It doesn't actually teach them that they are good people who are capable of actual change, but that they are helpless against their evil human nature, and hence need Jesus. It is for this reason that I reject the testimonial repentance narrative.

In Genesis 4:7 God says to Cain very clearly, "Sin rests at the door, it's desire is toward you, yet you can conquer it." You actually possess the ability to change, not in the way that Christianity proposes, i.e., in your acceptance that you cannot change and therefore need Jesus, but rather that you inherently possess the ability for positive change. And if you possess this ability, as God seems to be imploring Cain, you are expected to express that ability.

Is it Possible to be Orthodox and Completely Miss the Point?

The Danger of Halacha - A Simple Model
Being a frum Jew requires us to know how to successfully navigate Halacha. This is a very important, nay, fundamental, aspect of Judaism because it keeps us away from aveiros. Perhaps the most basic element of observance of Torah is the ability to know what one is permitted to do versus what one is not permitted to do. This keeps us on the "straight and narrow."

While absolutely necessary, this approach nevertheless comes with a price tag and an implicit danger, and that danger is that it often leads a frum Jew to lose sight of the Torah's conceptualization of proper behavior.

The Breakdown
Let's break this down...

Every frum Jew knows that the Torah's two main classifications of mitzvos are positive (248) and negative (365). For the sake of clarity we will refer to positive mitzvos as "things that you must do," and negative mitzvos as "things that you must not do." These two classifications exist at polar opposites ends of the behavior spectrum. For example, I must wear tefillin; I must not murder.


So far, what has been said until now is basic and something that all Orthodox Jews agree on.

However, what comes next is not as clear. The distinction used when navigating Halacha is not must vs. must not, but rather can vs. cannot. If we think of these two in terms of the model above, it is relatively clear that the while the opposite of must not is must, the opposite of cannot is not can! In truth, "can" exists somewhere in between the two poles, and it has no opposite.

To make this easier to understand, we should realize that the words "must not" and "cannot" mean the same thing. When you ask your Rav a shaila and he says that you can't do something, his answer is based on that action being (or related to) an issur in the Torah. He says that you can't do it because the Torah says that you must not do it. Therefore "cannot" is the Halachic expression of a Torah prohibition and is equal to "must not."

Because the English terms may be confusing in this context using the Halachic terminology makes more sense. The opposite of issur (איִסוּר) is not heter (הֶתֵר), the opposite of issur is chiyuv (חִיוּב). For Halachic reasons it is necessary to classify things in this manner, but doing may so inadvertently lead us to lose track of the joy of observance and of the correct mindset.
This highlights the interesting realization that can is in fact a third category that falls in between must not and must; it is not the opposite of must not. In actuality, the can category is a very broad category that occupies the entire middle ground between these two polar opposites. We have become accustomed to treating can as the opposite of cannot, when it in fact refers to things that are neither mandatory nor restricted.
So What?
If we are able to keep this distinction clear in our heads then there is no problem with asking our rabbonim if we are permitted to do something. To the contrary, a person who has yiras shamayim and humility will seek out Halachic guidance.

The problem starts with our motivation when asking Halachic questions. While we may be asking our Rav what we can do from a genuine place of yiras shamayim, we may also be asking as a means to acquire Halachic permission to do something. The underlying reality of inquiring about Halachic permission may stem from a hidden desire to be liberated from obligation. The truth is that only the person asking the question knows his true motivation, although that may be debatable as well.

This does not indicate that the person asking the question is evil or seeks to cast off 'ol malchus shamayim, but instead is the fairly common tendency to lose focus of the purpose of observing commandments in the first place, which is to connect with God. The commandments become equated in his psyche with things that prevent pleasure. Regarding positive mitzvos, he looks for ways to avoid situations that obligate him. Regarding negative mitzvos, he looks for ways to get away with as much as he can without crossing the line into a transgression. He begins to operate almost completely in the "can zone" of the spectrum. He loses sight of the grand pleasure that may accompany performing mitzvos when understood in their proper context. If he is frum from birth, how does he find satisfaction in his lifestyle? If he is a ba'al teshuva, why has he become frum in the first place?

I always had a hard time understanding the following verses:

"All these curses will befall you, pursuing you and overtaking you to destroy you because you did not obey the Lord, your God, to observe His commandments and statutes which He commanded you. And they will be as a sign and a wonder, upon you and your offspring, forever, because you did not serve the Lord, your God, with happiness and with gladness of heart, when [you had an] abundance of everything." (Deuteronomy 28:45-47)

וּבָ֨אוּ עָלֶ֜יךָ כָּל־הַקְּלָל֣וֹת הָאֵ֗לֶּה וּרְדָפ֨וּךָ֙ וְהִשִּׂיג֔וּךָ עַ֖ד הִשָּֽׁמְדָ֑ךְ כִּי־לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֗עְתָּ בְּקוֹל֙ יְ-הֹוָ֣ה אֱ-לֹהֶ֔יךָ לִשְׁמֹ֛ר מִצְו‍ֹתָ֥יו וְחֻקֹּתָ֖יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּֽךְ: וְהָי֣וּ בְךָ֔ לְא֖וֹת וּלְמוֹפֵ֑ת וּבְזַרְעֲךָ֖ עַד־עוֹלָֽם: תַּ֗חַת אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־עָבַ֨דְתָּ֙ אֶת־יְ-הֹוָ֣ה אֱ-לֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּשִׂמְחָ֖ה וּבְט֣וּב לֵבָ֑ב מֵרֹ֖ב כֹּֽל:(דברים כח:מה-מז)

Perhaps this is what God meant.

Does Judaism Believe in Souls?

Is Judaism a Soulless Religion?
Some people believe that Judaism's belief in the existence of souls is a later historical development that borrowed from Greek thought and philosophy. If so, a great deal of Jewish thought, which speaks in length about the effect of human behavior on the soul, is a product of external non-Biblical influence. This would call into serious question many ideas central to Judaism, such as the Afterlife, but more importantly the effect of doing mitzvos on the soul of a human being. This is especially true for Chassidic thought for which the soul is a prime area of focus and perhaps the most deeply considered area of subject matter. In a very real way Chassidus treats the soul as one of its main disciplines.


However, if the Torah does make references to the soul then it can rightfully said that Judaism's focus on this subject matter is not a product of Greek influence, but to the contrary, sprouts forth quite naturally from the Torah. To that end I have compiled a list of sources throughout the Tanakh that make explicit reference to the soul of a human being.

Topics Covered

Man Became a Living Soul
The first example comes from Genesis 2:7, which says, “And the Lord God formed man of dust from the ground, and He breathed into his nostrils the soul of life, and man became a living soul.”

.וַיִּ֩יצֶר֩ יְ-הֹוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֗ם עָפָר֙ מִן־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה וַיִּפַּ֥ח בְּאַפָּ֖יו נִשְׁמַ֣ת חַיִּ֑ים וַיְהִ֥י הָֽאָדָ֖ם לְנֶ֥פֶשׁ חַיָּֽה (בראשית ב:ז)



Gathered to His People
The Torah uses a peculiar phrase (gathered to his people) in the following places:

And Abraham expired and died in a good old age, old and satisfied, and he was gathered to his people. (Genesis 25:8)

וַיִּגְוַ֨ע וַיָּ֧מָת אַבְרָהָ֛ם בְּשֵׂיבָ֥ה טוֹבָ֖ה זָקֵ֣ן וְשָׂבֵ֑עַ וַיֵּאָ֖סֶף אֶל־עַמָּֽיו: (בראשית כה:ח)

And he commanded them and said to them, "I will be brought in to my people; bury me with my fathers, in the cave that is in the field of Ephron the Hittite… (Genesis 49:29)

וַיְצַ֣ו אוֹתָ֗ם וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ אֲנִי֙ נֶֽאֱסָ֣ף אל־עַמִּ֔י קִבְר֥וּ אֹתִ֖י אֶל־אֲבֹתָ֑י אֶ֨ל־הַמְּעָרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּשְׂדֵ֖ה עֶפְר֥וֹן הַֽחִתִּֽי: (בראשית מט:כט)


Ishmael - And these are the years of the life of Ishmael: one hundred years and thirty years and seven years; and he expired and died and was gathered to his people. (Genesis 25:17)

Isaac - And Isaac expired and died and was gathered in to his peoples, old and sated with days, and his sons, Esau and Jacob, buried him. (Genesis 35:29)

Jacob - And Jacob concluded commanding his sons, and he drew his legs [up] into the bed, and expired and was brought in to his people. (Genesis 49:33)

Moses and Aaron - And die on the mountain upon which you are climbing and be gathered to your people, just as your brother Aaron died on Mount Hor and was gathered to his people. (Deuteronomy 32:50)

King Josiah - Therefore, behold I gather you in to your forefathers, and you shall be gathered into your graves in peace, and your eyes shall not see any of the calamity that I am bringing upon this place." And they brought back word to the king. (II Kings 22:20).


Commentators
This section includes the commentaries of Rashi and Seforno on the phrase "was gathered to his people" in Genesis 49:29.

Rashi
Rashi explains it as follows:
Heb. נֶאֱסָף [The term נֶאֱסָף is utilized] because they brought souls into the place where they are concealed.

נאסף אל עמי - על שם שמכניסין הנפשות אל מקום גניזתן, וכל אסיפה האמורה במיתה אף היא לשון הכנסה... (בראשית מט:כט)

Seforno
Seforno explains it as follows:

And he was gathered to his people - to the bundle of life for eternal life with the righteous of the generations like him. And he said to him "(to) his nations" in the plural form, to signify the great the difference in their virtues, although they have all received eternal life, as the Sages said of this chapter, "and each one is embarassed from his companion" ... (ibid)

ויאסף אל עמיו - אל צרור החיים לחיי העולם עם צדיקי הדורות שהם עמו הדומים אליו. ואמר עמיו בלשון רבים, שרב ההבדל במעלותיהם, עם היותם כולם זוכים לחיי עולם, כחז"ל בפרק השואל, "וכל אחד נכוה מחופתו של חבירו"... (שם))



Angels
The Torah speaks of angels, which are purely spiritual (immaterial) beings that in some cases temporarily possess a physical body. Where do the angels exist when they abandon their temporary, earthly forms? Do they cease to exist?

And it was, when the flame went up from upon the altar toward heaven, and the angel of the Lord ascended in the flame of the altar. And Manoah and his wife looked on, and they fell on their faces to the ground. (Judges 13:20)

וַיְהִי֩ בַעֲל֨וֹת הַלַּ֜הַב מֵעַ֚ל הַמִּזְבֵּ֙חַ֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יְמָה וַיַּ֥עַל מַלְאַךְ־יְהֹוָ֖ה בְּלַ֣הַב הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וּמָנ֚וֹחַ וְאִשְׁתּוֹ֙ רֹאִ֔ים וַיִּפְּל֥וּ עַל־פְּנֵיהֶ֖ם אָֽרְצָה. (שופתים יג:כ)



Resurrection of the Dead
And I will lay sinews upon you, and I will make flesh grow over you and cover you with skin and put breath into you, and you will live, and you will then know that I am the Lord." (Ezekiel 37:6)

וְנָתַתִּי֩ עֲלֵיכֶ֨ם גִּידִ֜ים וְהַֽעֲלֵתִ֧י עֲלֵיכֶ֣ם בָּשָׂ֗ר וְקָֽרַמְתִּ֚י עֲלֵיכֶם֙ ע֔וֹר וְנָתַתִּ֥י בָכֶ֛ם ר֖וּחַ וִֽחְיִיתֶ֑ם וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְ-הֹוָֽה:(יחזקל לז:ו)

And I looked, and lo! sinews were upon them, and flesh came upon them, and skin covered them from above, but there was still no spirit in them. (Ezekiel 37:8)

וְרָאִ֜יתִי וְהִנֵּה־עֲלֵיהֶ֚ם גִּידִים֙ וּבָשָׂ֣ר עָלָ֔ה וַיִּקְרַ֧ם עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם ע֖וֹר מִלְמָ֑עְלָה וְר֖וּחַ אֵ֥ין בָּהֶֽם:(יחזקל לז:ח)



Other References
Man's soul is the Lord's lamp, which searches out all the innermost parts. (Proverbs 20:27)

נֵ֣ר יְ֖-הוָה נִשְׁמַ֣ת אָדָ֑ם חֹ֜פֵ֗שׂ כָּל־חַדְרֵי־בָֽטֶן:(מִשְׁלֵי כ:כז)

And many who sleep in the dust of the earth will awaken-these for eternal life, and those for disgrace, for eternal abhorrence. (Daniel 12:2)

וְרַבִּ֕ים מִיְּשֵׁנֵ֥י אַדְמַת־עָפָ֖ר יָקִ֑יצוּ אֵלֶּה לְחַיֵּ֣י עוֹלָ֔ם וְאֵ֥לֶּה לַֽחֲרָפ֖וֹת לְדִרְא֥וֹן עוֹלָֽם:(דניאל יב:ב)